We may be on the verge of a historic achievement, or we might soon be witness to an unacceptable failure. Recent talks between the leaders of global health organizations, doctors and politicians have re-ignited the drive in humanitarians and physicians around the world to do something that has only one precedent in recorded history, the complete eradication of a disease. That disease is polio. Over the last twenty-five years astonishing progress has been made to wipe out this once widespread killer. The maps to the left show just how far polio has been forced back since 1988. However it is still a little too early to pop open the champagne and celebrate. Though the disease is nearly gone, the few strands that remain pose a great risk, not just to those infected, but also to the world. They represent the last hurdle in this race, but concern is growing that this final obstacle is insurmountable. Hence we find ourselves at a crossroads in history. One course can see the end of a terrible disease, the other shows us the inability of modern science to capitalize on a golden opportunity. To provide a degree context for these talks we should invest some time in understanding the virus. Poliomyelitis lives in the intestinal track and throat of its hosts, and once it is contracted it can never be removed. It is highly contagious, normally being spread though poor sanitary conditions, and as such is normally though of as a disease of the third world. While the disease spreads rapidly, it debilitating effects vary. As Polio.com points out though, "Although polio has the ability to cause paralysis and death, most people who are infected with the polio virus don’t get sick, but these people can still spread the virus to others.”
This is where the treat to those countries that
have already beaten the disease hides. Because naturally occuring polio has not been seen in America since the 1970’s many children today may not undergo vaccination for the virus. Therefore should they come into contact with someone carrying the disease, perhaps from a foreign visitor or while traveling, they have the potential to spark an outbreak in polio free environments. The possibility of allowing a resurgence of polio is unacceptable. UNICEF points out that "At its peak, polio paralyzed and killed up to half a million people every year." Fortunately vaccination is a relatively simple process, only requiring an orally administered dosage, shown above, or a series of four injections. While vaccination efforts have caused that number to plummet to 2000 new cases per year, the risk of complacency in dealing with the disease is still great. Polio can kill within hours in some cases, so the threat posed by a possible resurgence of the virus within the United States could go from being strictly hypothetical, to demanding drastic action within days.
With this in mind the present opportunity to finish off the virus should be seized. Currently only four countries worldwide are still known to have naturally occurring polio. Those countries, Nigeria, India, Pakistan and Afghanis
tan, have all pledged to help end the spread of the virus. However there are persistent challenges to ending the virus permanently, and it is here that those concerned with international relations should be concerned. The major setbacks to stopping the disease have often been military instability in the effected countries, or insufficient funding to ensure that vaccination methods can be achieved. Many countries have to resort to importing the vaccine through small U.N. backed missions, while making use of anything and anyone that can help, as pictured on the left. One World Health Organization report, for instance stated the following: “The main reason for continued transmission in southern Afghanistan is the increasingly serious security situation in that area, which has a negative impact of the ability of health workers to plan, implement and evaluate SIAs.”
Increasing awareness of these types of problems should be of the utmost importance to scholars, civil servants and medical professionals who have understand how international conflicts are disrupting the eradication campaign. Only then can it be corrected. It is equally important that the rest of society takes part in advocating the continued funding and implementation of eradication efforts.
We are all truly close to a historic achievement. Should polio finally be driven off the face of the earth it would represent the culmination of one of the largest multinational humanitarian projects ever undertaken. It would be the final act in what has been a 5.3 billion dollar event, supported by 193 member states, to do something for the benefit of mankind as a whole. We must seize this chance to make such a valuable contribution to world. As Americans we have been the greatest supporter of this initiative. Let us insure that we finish this fight, and end polio now.
